About Air Pollution Control Equipment and Air Pollution Control Including: Air Scrubbers, Electrostatic Precipitators,Incinerators, Mist Collectors, Odor Control Systems &Oxidizers.
Air pollution control equipment removes and eliminates a wide variety of pollutants, known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs)—including fumes, gases, odors and vapors—from the atmosphere. Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) can cause even more serious environmental and biological damage than other VOCs, but they can also be destroyed by air pollution control equipment. Oxidation, a process in which contaminated air pollutants are broken up and reformed into new, safe compounds, is at the heart of most of these systems. Automotive, agricultural, oil and gas, mining, woodworking, chemical and pharmaceutical industries utilize air pollution control. A facility is considered to have significant air pollution emissions if it releases about one or more tons per calendar year. To remain in compliance with regulatory requirements, facilities can use data-providing Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS) to aid in the control, monitoring and reporting of pollutant emissions.
A variety of air pollution control equipment exists. Knowing the amount of airflow and the amount and type of VOCs being emitted basically determines which technology would be most appropriate. The %LEL is based on the type and concentration of the contaminants. It is also helpful to know what to look for in VOC destruction efficiency, attrition rate and heat exchanger efficiency. What are the requirements for the inlet/outlet temperature? What are the gas pressure requirements? Having the answers to these questions is also advantageous when choosing what type of air pollution control equipment is needed in a given facility. Air pollution control services can work with each application's specific needs in order to find the best solution.
Oxidizers come in two broad types: thermal and catalytic. Thermal and catalytic oxidizers are typically either regenerative or recuperative. Regenerative thermal oxidizers oxidize organics in a retention chamber and have two or more ceramic heat transfer beds that act as smaller heat exchangers. Recuperative thermal oxidizers use a plate, shell, tube or other conventional type of heat exchanger to heat incoming air with air from the oxidation process. A regenerative catalytic oxidizer preheats VOC-contaminated process gas in an energy recovery chamber. A catalyst oxidizes the VOCs, which then release enough energy to allow self-sustained operation. A catalytic recuperative oxidizer preheats VOC-laden air through the tube side of the heat exchanger. The air is raised to the operating temperature and passed through the catalyst, causing a heat releasing reaction to take place. The contaminant-free air is then released back into the atmosphere.
Air pollution control equipment is available in a variety of other types. Particulate controls include electrostatic precipitators, which use electrical fields to remove particulate from boiler flue gas, and fabric filters, which use tightly woven fabric to sieve flue gas and collect particulate. Wet scrubbers, which include venturi scrubbers, are effective as acid gas and SO2 controls but have low efficiencies for smaller particles. Multiple cyclones have a large number of small cyclones in parallel to control particulate, but collection efficiencies drop off rapidly with particle size. NOx controls include the processes of selective catalytic reduction, which controls emissions of nitrogen oxides from stationary sources, and selective non-catalytic reduction, which changes oxides of nitrogen (NOx) into molecular nitrogen (N2). If VOCs have recovery value, carbon adsorption, scrubbing and condensation are typical techniques to use. Thermal and catalytic oxidation and biofiltration are common VOC controls utilized when the VOC stream has no recovery value.
Common Terms Related to Air Pollution Control Equipment
– The attachment of concentrated liquid or gaseous molecules to a solid or liquid surface. Unlike absorption, the substances, such as active carbon and silica gel, do not permeate one another.
– Dust collector containing fabric bags, which trap dust while allowing gases to move through the collector.
– International professional designation available through training and testing by the Association of Energy Engineers (AEE).
– Family of chemicals used as refrigerants, being tightly regulated and phased out of production due to stratospheric ozone depletion potential. Examples: R-11, R-12, R-113, R-114, R-115.
– Device that extracts fine particles from air or gas by centrifugal means.
– The effectiveness by which an oxidizer eliminates VOCs exhausted from by the oxidization process.
– A specific category of 189 particularly harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs) designated as such by the EPA’s Clean Air Act.
– A system that will automatically modulate dampers in a thermal oxidizer to provide a safe route for the process exhaust in case there is a solvent overload.
– An organic compound composed of hydrogen and carbon. Many hydrocarbons are considered stable, as they only evaporate during heating and cooling processes, though some are considered volatile, because they evaporate under moderate conditions.
– Air filter capable of trapping a minimum of 99.97% of particles at least .3 microns in size. HEPA filters are a common component of air scrubbers.
– In pollution control systems, the area in which the collected particulate is stored.
– The lowest concentration of pollutants that would lead to combustion if ignited.
– A group of air pollutants released during industrial combustion applications that contribute to smog and acid rain.
– Process involving the transformation of harmful compounds into safer compounds through the application of oxygen and heat.
– Part of an electrostatic precipitator that transfers dust from the collection plates to the hopper.
– An add-on available for oxidation technology that reduces air volume and increases concentration of VOCs by directing the process stream through a continuously rotating wheel impregnated with adsorbent. The VOCs are adsorbed, the clean air is exhausted into the atmosphere and the wheel is then regenerated by passing through a stream of warm, low volume desorption gas, producing a concentrated stream, which an oxidizer can more efficiently destroy.
– High-voltage electrostatic precipitators consisting of cylindrical collection plates that rotate around the discharge electrodes.
– A fixed condition that is built into the equipment design in order to make sure that there is the correct mix of VOCs and oxygen for combustion.
– A group of pollutant compounds consisting primarily of carbon that, in combination with the sun’s radiation and oxygen, form ozone. VOCs are those substances, such as gasoline, alcohol, ethers and esters, that form a gas or vapor under moderate temperature and pressure conditions.
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